Bruce Township is located southeast of Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan in Chippewa County. It is bordered on the north by 6 Mile Road, on the south by 18 Mile Road, and on the east by the St. Marys River. The western boundary is just west of state highway M-129.

The township is rural in nature with a mix of farmland and residential properties. The Barbeau area in southern Bruce Township has some resort development along the St. Marys River and limited light industry exists in the M-129 corridor. Hay farming and cattle are the principal agricultural activities. The ferry connection to Neebish Island is accessed from Scenic Drive just south of 15 Mile Road.