Located in Southeastern Massachusetts in Bristol County, Rehoboth is bordered by Seekonk on the west, Attleboro and Norton on the north, Taunton and Dighton on the east, and Swansea on the southeast and south. It is about nine miles from Taunton, 13 miles from Fall River, 10 miles from Providence, Rhode Island, 46 miles from Boston and 186 miles from New York City. The Town contains 47.25 square miles of land and has over 200 miles of road. The annual town census conducted as of January 1, 1999 showed 10,166 residents living in Rehoboth.

The topography of Rehoboth and contiguous communities, like the entire seaboard lowland of which they are part, is characterized by low elevations and smooth contours. Almost all of the area is less than 200 feet above mean sea level. The general direction of the slope is from north to south, from high points in Attleboro to sea level at Narragansett Bay. The entire area is interlaced with swamps, and there are extensive tidal marshes in Swansea and southern Rehoboth. There are several churches within the town including the Rehoboth Congregational, North Rehoboth United Methodist, Hornbine Baptist, Rehoboth Baptist, Community Covenant and Christian Life Fellowship. Although there are no Catholic churches in Rehoboth, several are located within easy reach in Seekonk, Taunton, Attleboro, Dighton and Swansea.

Rehoboth is a member of the Dighton-Rehoboth Regional School District, grades K-12. The Town has one public elementary school presently in use in Rehoboth - Palmer River Elementary School (grades K through 4), one middle school - Dorothy L. Beckwith School (grades 5 through 8) and the high school students attend the Dighton-Rehoboth Regional High School just over the town line in Dighton.